Epidemiological investigation and analysis of allergenic spectrum of allergic diseases in soldiers of a northern army
Objective To analyze the allergen spectrum of allergic diseases in soldiers of a northern army,and to explore the preva-lence trend and inducing factors,so as to provide theoretical basis for diagnosis,treatment and prevention of allergic diseases.Methods 454 cases of allergic diseases(rhinitis,asthma,allergic skin disease,conjunctivitis,etc.)diagnosed in a military unit in northern China were selected from the northeast region patient allergen testing database of General Hospital of Northern Theater Com-mand.Gender,age,past history,family history,allergy history,skin prick test(SPT)results and other information were collected to com-pare the distribution of allergens in patients with different genders and diseases.Results Among the 454 patients,212(46.7%)were negative for SPT,66(14.5%)were positive for 1 allergen,52(11.5%)were positive for 2 allergens,and 124(27.3%)were positive for 3 or more allergens.There were 359 patients(79.1%)with single allergic disease and 95 patients(20.9%)with two or more aller-gic diseases.In SPT,dust mites(house dust mite 30.0%,dust mite 24.7%,tropical mite 24.2%),birch pollen(22.0%),cockroach-es(German cockroach20.3%,American cockroach18.5%)were the main inhalation allergens.The positive rate of SPT in males was higher than that in females[66.5%(218/328)vs.19.0%(24/126)],and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).House dust mites,dust mites and tropical mites were the main allergens in rhinitis and skin allergy patients.In patients with asthma and other allergic diseases,birch pollen,German cockroach,house dust mites were the main allergens.Patients with skin allergy had the highest positive rate of SPT(57.0%).Conclusion Dust mites are the most common allergens,followed by birch pollen and cock-roach.Patients are often allergic to multiple allergens at the same time,and the allergens are different between different genders and different diseases.Studying the distribution characteristics of allergens in patients with different allergic diseases is of great significance for the prevention and accurate treatment of allergic diseases,which can improve the cognition and adaptability of officers and soldiers to the combat environment and the status quo of the troops,as well as the immune tolerance of the body to various environmental aller-gens exposure,and enhance the combat effectiveness of the troops.
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