At present,our organic solid waste is produced in large quantities and takes a long time to process,aerobic composting is an effective technical tool for the resourceful use of organic solid wastes.Nitrogen transformation and losses are keys to compost quality,and reducing nitrogen losses will help to improve the quality of the compost product.This paper describes the principles of nitrogen transformation,concludes the current status of research on nitrogen transformation in aerobic composting of organic solid waste such as food waste,waste activated sludge and livestock manure,and presents an outlook on research to control nitrogen losses.