气象条件对三江平原水稻产量和营养品质的影响
Effects of meteorological conditions on rice yield and nutritional quality in the Sanjiang Plain
高永刚 1王芳 2王艳 3韩俊杰 1姜丽霞 1高峰 4王铭 1孙胜阳2
作者信息
- 1. 黑龙江省气象科学研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨 15030;中国气象局东北地区生态气象创新开放实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨 15030
- 2. 佳木斯市气象局,黑龙江 佳木斯 154004
- 3. 富锦市气象局,黑龙江富锦 156100
- 4. 中国气象局东北地区生态气象创新开放实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨 15030;黑龙江省气象数据中心,黑龙江哈尔滨 15030
- 折叠
摘要
选用2018-2019 年三江平原水稻分期移栽观测资料、气象资料和籽粒品质检测资料,采用Duncan多重极差检验、Friedman秩检验、相关分析、产量与品质综合指数等方法,分析气象条件对水稻产量和营养品质的影响.结果表明:气象条件对产量影响显著,产量与抽穗—乳熟期的∑T≥10℃呈极显著正相关,该值684.8℃为水稻获得理想产量的积温指标.气象条件对籽粒氨基酸、脂肪酸含量影响显著,各类氨基酸、脂肪酸含量与气象条件相关性各有特点.总体上,氨基酸含量与抽穗—乳熟期的ΔT、移栽—成熟期的Tmax分别呈极显著、显著负相关;脂肪酸含量与移栽—成熟期的T和Tmax、孕穗—成熟期的ΔT呈极显著负相关.抽穗—乳熟期ΔT为5.1℃和孕穗—成熟期ΔT为7.0℃分别是获得理想氨基酸、脂肪酸含量的气温指标.气象条件对籽粒蛋白质含量无显著影响,而对籽粒脂肪、淀粉、直链淀粉含量影响显著;随着移栽期推迟,脂肪和直链淀粉含量降低,淀粉含量增加.总体上,水稻产量和营养品质与抽穗—乳熟期Tmin呈显著正相关,在三江平原,水稻适宜移栽期为气温稳定通过13.0℃,移栽日期为5 月19 日左右,上述条件下水稻栽培可获得高产、优质、高效.可见,合理调控作物播种或移栽期是农业生产中改善作物产量与品质的有效方法,可促进农业生产增产、提质、增效.
Abstract
The effects of meteorological conditions on rice yield and nutritional quality were analyzed by using Duncan's multiple extreme deviation test,Friedman's rank test,correlation analysis,and yield and quality compos-ite index in 2018-2019 using the 2018-2019 rice staged transplantation observations,meteorological data,and grain quality testing data in the Sanjiang Plain.The results showed that meteorological conditions had a significant effect on yield,which was highly significantly and positively correlated with ∑T≥10℃at the heading-milk ripening stage,and this value of 684.8℃was an indicator of the cumulative temperature for obtaining ideal yield in rice.Meteor-ological conditions significantly affected the amino acid and fatty acid contents of grains,and the correlation be-tween various types of amino acid and fatty acid contents and meteorological conditions was unique.Overall,amino acid content was highly significant and significantly negatively correlated with ΔT at the heading-milk ripening stage and Tmax at the transplanting-maturity stage,respectively;fatty acid content was highly significant and nega-tively correlated with T and Tmax at the transplanting-maturity stage,and ΔT at the panicle initiation-maturity stage,respectively.The ΔT of 5.1℃at the heading-milk ripening stage and the ΔT of 7.0℃at the panicle initiation-maturity stage were the temperature indexes for obtaining ideal amino acid and fatty acid contents,respectively.Meteorological conditions had no significant effect on grain protein content,but on grain fat,starch,and straight-chain amylose content;fat and straight-chain amylose content decreased and starch content increased with delayed transplanting period.Overall,rice yield and nutritional quality were significantly and positively correlated with the Tmin of the heading-milk ripening stage.In the Sanjiang Plain,the suitable transplanting period for rice is when the temperature is stable over 13.0℃,and the date of transplanting is around May 19,and then the rice cultivation can obtain high yield,high quality and high efficiency.It can be seen that rational control of crop sowing or transplan-ting period is an effective method to improve crop yield and quality in agricultural production,which can promote agricultural production to increase yield,quality and efficiency.
关键词
Duncan多重极差检验/Friedman秩检验/产量/营养品质Key words
Duncan's multiple extreme deviation test/Friedman's rank test/Yield/Nutritional quality引用本文复制引用
出版年
2024
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据