Effects of meteorological conditions on rice yield and nutritional quality in the Sanjiang Plain
The effects of meteorological conditions on rice yield and nutritional quality were analyzed by using Duncan's multiple extreme deviation test,Friedman's rank test,correlation analysis,and yield and quality compos-ite index in 2018-2019 using the 2018-2019 rice staged transplantation observations,meteorological data,and grain quality testing data in the Sanjiang Plain.The results showed that meteorological conditions had a significant effect on yield,which was highly significantly and positively correlated with ∑T≥10℃at the heading-milk ripening stage,and this value of 684.8℃was an indicator of the cumulative temperature for obtaining ideal yield in rice.Meteor-ological conditions significantly affected the amino acid and fatty acid contents of grains,and the correlation be-tween various types of amino acid and fatty acid contents and meteorological conditions was unique.Overall,amino acid content was highly significant and significantly negatively correlated with ΔT at the heading-milk ripening stage and Tmax at the transplanting-maturity stage,respectively;fatty acid content was highly significant and nega-tively correlated with T and Tmax at the transplanting-maturity stage,and ΔT at the panicle initiation-maturity stage,respectively.The ΔT of 5.1℃at the heading-milk ripening stage and the ΔT of 7.0℃at the panicle initiation-maturity stage were the temperature indexes for obtaining ideal amino acid and fatty acid contents,respectively.Meteorological conditions had no significant effect on grain protein content,but on grain fat,starch,and straight-chain amylose content;fat and straight-chain amylose content decreased and starch content increased with delayed transplanting period.Overall,rice yield and nutritional quality were significantly and positively correlated with the Tmin of the heading-milk ripening stage.In the Sanjiang Plain,the suitable transplanting period for rice is when the temperature is stable over 13.0℃,and the date of transplanting is around May 19,and then the rice cultivation can obtain high yield,high quality and high efficiency.It can be seen that rational control of crop sowing or transplan-ting period is an effective method to improve crop yield and quality in agricultural production,which can promote agricultural production to increase yield,quality and efficiency.
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