Analysis of distribution characteristics and risk factors of 9 common pathogens of respiratory tract infection in elderly patients
Objective To understand the distribution of 9 common pathogens and risk factors for respiratory tract infec-tions(RTI)in elderly patients,and provide a basis for reducing the incidence of infections and rational medication in clinical practice.Methods A total of 395 elderly patients with RTI who underwent IgM antibody detection of 9 common pathogens in Third People's Hospital of Chengdu City from January 2021 to September 2023 were enrolled.The detection rate and distribu-tion characteristics of pathogens were analyzed.In addition,a total of 395 elderly patients without RTI admitted to Inpatient Department during the same period were selected as the control group at a ratio of 1∶1.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of RTI in elderly patients.Results The positive rate of IgM antibody of 9 common respirato-ry pathogens was 12.91％(51/395),and positive rate of IgM antibody against Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP)was 6.08％(24/395).There was no statistically significant difference in the positivity rate of pathogen IgM antibodies among the four sea-sons(P＞0.05).The positive rate of IgM antibody against MP and total positive rate of pathogen IgM antibody in patients with pneumonia and bronchopneumonia were higher than those in patients with acute upper respiratory tract infection,acute bronchopneumonia and asthmatic bronchopneumonia(P＜0.05).The positive rate of IgM antibody against MP and total posi-tive rate of pathogen IgM antibody in patients aged ≥75 years were higher than those in patients aged 60-74 years(P＜0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that antibiotic types ≥2,use of immunosuppressants and underlying diseases 3 were independent risk factors of RTI(P＜0.05).Conclusion MP is one of the main pathogens in elderly patients with RTI,which is more common in those with pneumonia and bronchopneumonia and age of ≥75 years.The use of antibiotics and immunosuppressants,and multiple underlying diseases will increase RTI risk in elderly patients.
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