摘要
目的 分析2019～2021年濮阳县手足口病流行病学特征及防控措施,为以后手足口病防控措施的制定提供循证.方法 对国家疾病监测信息管理系统上濮阳县2019年～2021年期间发生的手足口病疫情情况作数据统计分析,分析其流行病学特征及防控措施.结果 三年间发病时间规律相似,发病率从4月开始上升,至6、7、8月份到达峰值,9月过后逐渐下降,至11、12、1月份降至全年低发病率区间,4～8月期间发病人数均占据全年发病人数的60％以上.男性患儿多于女性,年龄3～5岁的患儿占比最高,三年间分别为50.00％,50.94％,46.59％;1～3岁和1岁以下患儿其次,5岁及以上患儿占比不超过10％.农村户口占比66.06％(1154/1747),高于城镇户口的33.95％(593/1747)o 21个乡镇地区均有病例报告,无特异性地区分布特点,1747例包括城关镇92例、徐镇镇76例、文留镇142例、庆祖镇43例、柳屯镇81例、八公桥镇94例、海通乡47例、户部寨乡56例、新习乡88例、习城乡74例、王称堌乡133例、鲁河乡92例、梁庄乡91例、梨园乡96例、五星乡74例、白堽乡89例、胡状乡94例、清河头乡36例、子岸乡68例、渠村乡55例、郎中乡126例.共有病原学检测数据1043例,检测结果阳性213例,阳性率20.42％,其中119例为CoxA16型病毒,占比55.87％,75例为EV71型病毒,占比35.21％,19例为其他类型病毒感染,占比8.92％.渠村乡阳性检出率最高(38.10％),其次为文留镇(29.17％),第三为梨园乡(27.69％).结论 儿童手足口病发病具备一定特征,需根据具体流行性病学特征严格制定防控措施.
Abstract
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and prevention and control measures of hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD)in Puyang County from 2019 to 2021,so as to provide evidence-based reference for the formulation of HFMD prevention and control measures.Methods The epidemic status of HFMD in Puyang County from 2019 to 2021 on the National Disease Supervision Information Management System was analyzed statistically,and the epidemiological characteristics and prevention and control measures were analyzed.Results The temporal pattern was similar during the three years,with incidence rising from April,peaking in June,July,and August,and gradually decreasing to a low incidence range throughout the year from September to November,December,and January.The number of cases between April and Au-gust accounted for more than 60％of the annual incidences.There were more male children than female ones.From 2019 to 2021,the proportion of children with HFMD was highest in 3～5 years group,with incidence rates of 50.00％,50.94％,and 46.59％,followed by 1～3 years group and 1 year group,and lowest in 5+years group,with less than 10％.The percentage of children with HFMD in rural households was 66.06％(1154/1747),which was higher than 33.95％(593/1747)in ur-ban households.HFMD cases were reported in all 21 township areas,with no specific regional distribution characteris-tics.The 1,747 HFMD cases include 92 cases in Chengguan Township,76 cases in Xuzhen Township,142 cases in Wenliu Township,43 cases in Qingzu Township,81 cases in Liutun Township,94 cases in Bagongqiao Township,47 cases in Hai-tong Township,56 cases in Houbizhai Township,88 cases in Xinxi Township,74 cases in Xicheng Township,133 cases in Wangzhenggu Township,92 cases in Luhe Township,91 cases in Liangzhuang Township,96 cases in Liyuan Township,74 cases in Wuxing Township,89 cases in Baigang Township,94 cases in Huzhuang Township,36 cases in Qinghetou Town-ship,68 cases inn Zi'an Township,55 cases in Qucun Township,and 126 cases in Langzhong Township.A total of 1,043 ca-ses were detected by etiology,and 213 cases were positive,with a positive rate of 20.42％.Among them,119 cases were CoxA16 virus infections,accounting for 55.87％,75 cases were EV71 virus infections,accounting for 35.21％,and 19 cases were other types of virus infections,accounting for 8.92％.Qucun Township had the highest positive detection rate(38.10％),followed by Wenliu Township(29.17％)and Liyuan Township(27.69％).Conclusion The onset of HFMD in children has certain characteristics,and preventive and control measures need to be strictly formulated according to spe-cific epidemiological characteristics.
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