Chuanxiong Rhizoma whose active ingredients are mainly essential oil,ferulic acid,ligustrazine and so on,is used as one of Chinese medicine for activating blood and promoting the circulation of Qi.Chuanxiong Rhizoma has extensive pharmacological activities such as cardiovascular,central nervous,urinary and respiratory systems.Its pharmacological activities have close relations with active ingredients of Chuanxiong Rhizoma.This paper summarizes domestic and foreign reports on the pharmacological activities and active ingredients for its further research.