A Textual Research on the Tian De Jun During the Mid-late Tang and Liao Dynasties
Since Zhenyuan period of Tang Dezong,the Du Fang Yu Shi of Tian De Jun(天德军都防御使)governed the West Surrender City and concurrently served as the governor of Fengzhou.This differed from the practice of Tang Dynasty that the Fangzhen governor often concurrently served as governor for the seat of their administrative office,and it was a local practice that effectively coordinated the army and civilians'affairs in military defense.During Yuanhe period of Xianzong,to coordinate the defense system of Zhenwu Fangzhen in the east of the Hetao Plain and Tiande Fangzhen in the west,the Du Fang Yu Shi of Tian De Jun and Tian De Jun(天德军)moved to the old city of Tian De Jun.In the early Five Dynasties,the regime of Li Jin(李晋)controlled this region.Then Feng Zhou was re-established on the east of the region after it was occupied by the Liao Dynasty.Tian De Jun was the military name of Feng Zhou,there was no administrative area named Tian De Jun.Therefore,there were some errors in the records of the Liaoshi Dilizhi(《辽史·地理志》).
Tian De JunFeng Zhouthe middle and late Tang DynastyLiao Dynasty
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