Gift and Trade:Two Exchange Orders and the Crisis in the Homeric Greece
The Homeric age was a world where heroes engaged in social interactions through gifts,and it was al-so a world on the brink of monetization as the concept of trade emerged.Trading activities initially arose from overseas commerce.Once the concept and practice of trading became familiar to people,the phe-nomenon of trading would permeate from the outside of the community to its inside,primarily involving"non-prestige"items.Gifts were used for exchanges among heroes and reciprocity among acquaintances,while trade was employed for equivalent exchanges between unfamiliar groups or individuals,with funda-mental differences in their purposes and mechanisms.These two exchange orders intertwined and conflicted with each other,leading to a survival crisis in the heroic world of the Homeric age and initiating the pro-cess of monetization in the Greek world.
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