Transforming a Tune(qu)into a Lyric(ci):The Genesis of Yue Fei's"Crimson Rivers"(Manjiang hong)
Yue Fei's"Crimson Rivers"(Manjiang hong)originated from the lyrics of"Female Daoists"(Nü Guan Zi)in the Yuan and Ming Dynasty's"exposure of the crime conducted by the east window"(Dongchuang shi fan)story-themed opera.The basic connotations and certain phrases of these lyrics were already evident in the Yuan Dynasty's"Dongchuang shifan"and its revised Southern Opera version during the Yuan and Ming Dynasties,much earlier than the appearance of the"Manjiang hong"lyrics in the sec-ond year of the Tianshun reign of the Ming Period.In the process of transforming the tune into a lyric,the title of the lyric was influenced by the"Manjiang hong"written by the Song Dynasty monk Hui'an.To un-derstand the connotations of"Manjiang hong,"it is essential to consider the themes of the"Dongchuang shifan"story-themed operas from Yuan and Ming,namely,Yue Fei's unjust grievance and indictment a-gainst Qin Hui for framing him,as well as his aspiration for realizing his ambition to restore the nation.