From Individual Intervention to Parliamentary Legislation:A New Exploration of Urban Sanitation Governance in 14th-16th Century England
In the late medieval and early modern period,the governance of urban sanitation in England under-went a transition from individual intervention to parliamentary legislation.Before 1350s,the governance of urban sanitation relied primarily on local authorities based on common law principles such as public nui-sance.The King and Parliament intervened individually in specific cities when necessary.Following the Black Death,rulers began to recognize the universality and seriousness of the hygiene problem and at-tempted to regulate national urban sanitation through parliamentary legislation.However,due to the limita-tions of early parliamentary legislation,it was unable to fundamentally address the hygiene issue faced by English cities.Nevertheless,in the long term,parliamentary legislation provided a clear legal basis for local government sanitation governance,which was conducive to the establishment of the early urban sanitation mechanism and the rule of law in sanitation governance.This constituted a historic change in urban gover-nance in England.
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