The Origin and Relevant Issues of"you tou lian"("有头脸")and"you tou you lian"("有头有脸")
Both"you tou lian"("有头脸")and"you tou you lian"("有头有脸")mean"having reputation,status and face.""you tou lian"("有头脸")first appeared in the Ming Dynasty.In a specific and positive evaluation context,"tou lian"("头脸")refers to a person's"reputation,status and face",etc.through a metaphorical mechanism.Due to the influence of the verb"you"("有")that expresses incremental and affirmative meaning,the subjectivity of"tou lian"("头脸")has increased.It absorbs active and positive vectors through the mechanism of context absorption,and its semantic meaning has shifted from the neutral to the positive."you tou lian"("有头脸")had completed its constructional process by the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China."you tou you lian"("有头有脸")first appeared in the middle of the Qing Dynasty.Due to the restriction of the rule of rhythm combination,it is an expansion of"you tou lian"("有头脸")under the role of analogical mechanism."you tou you lian"("有头有脸)had completed its constructional process by the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China.Positive and negative forms which are related to"you tou lian"("有头脸")and"you tou you lian"("有头有脸")include"you lian(er)"["有脸(儿)"],"mei lian(er)"["没脸(儿)"],"wu lian"("无脸"),"mei tou lian("没头脸"),"mei tou mei lian"("没头没脸")and so on.Among them,there are semantic similarities or differences both among positive forms and among negative forms,and semantic symmetries or asymmetries between positive forms and negative forms.
"you tou lian"("有头脸")"you tou you lian"("有头有脸")semantic shiftconstructional processrelevant forms
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