摘要
清代在继承明制基础上,历经顺康雍乾四朝,依托常规奏销册、题本和及时应对市场变化的奏折等文书运作系统构成的钱法陈报,逐步形成常态化钱法管理机制和应急化钱法决策机制.钱法陈报机制提供的货币供求变化信息,有助于中央决策的及时性、准确性和有效性,进而实现调控制钱供应量,适应市场发展,规范小额通货,维护钱法秩序.钱法陈报机制完备化是清代钱法管理成熟的表现.借助钱法陈报,清前中期一定程度扭转了元明以来的钱法危机.但囿于"银钱并行"的货币格局,钱法陈报无法消除清代货币体制的固有缺陷.
Abstract
The reporting mechanism for monetary system of the Qing Dynasty was inherited from the Ming Dynasty and continued to evolve through the reigns of the Shunzhi,Kangxi,Yongzheng,and Qianlong Emperors.It consisted of routine Zouxiaoce,Tiben,and market-responsive memorials that gradually coalesced into a dual system for regularized monetary management and emergency monetary decision-making.The reporting mechanism provided information on changes in supply and demand so the central government could make timely,accurate,effective decisions regulating coin supply,adapting to market developments,standardizing small-denomination currency,and generally maintaining order.The comprehensive nature of the system testifies to the maturity of the monetary management of the Qing Dynasty,which,during the early to mid-Qing period partially reversed monetary crises that had plagued the Yuan and Ming Dynasties.Constrained by the simultaneous circulation of taels and copper coins,however,the system failed to fully eliminate the flaws inherent to the monetary framework in the Qing Dynasty.
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