摘要
随着清末革命思潮兴起,立宪派提出"革命瓜分论"为反对革命的重要论据:革命将因引发内乱、损害列强商务、打破列强均势而导致中国被瓜分;"排满"将因"内部瓜分"得"外部瓜分"之结果.革命派在孙中山组织下提出"革命杜绝瓜分论",从中国遭瓜分原因、杜绝瓜分手段等角度揭露清政府是"洋人的朝廷"、论证革命正当性、规划完善革命方案.革命派代表历史前进方向,但对列强抱有幻想.革命爆发后,各党派的瓜分隐忧深刻影响他们的政治抉择,促使辛亥革命最终以和谈解决争端,昭示彻底反帝反封建革命的必要性.
Abstract
As revolutionary ideas gained in popularity in the late Qing Dynasty,the constitutionalists opposed revolution on the belief that it would lead to the partition of China by the Great Powers because of triggering civil unrest,disrupting the business of the Great Powers,or upsetting the balance of the Great Powers.The Revolutionary Partition Theory also posited that"internal partition"which manifested in"anti-Manchu",would result in"external partition".Led by Sun Yat-sen,the revolutionaries put forward a contrary theory of revolution eliminating the partition,which exposed the nature of the Qing government as the"foreigner's court",argued the legitimacy of the revolution and improved the revolutionary program from the reasons for the partition of China and the means to prevent the partition.The revolutionaries represented the direction of historical progress,even though they harbored illusions about the Great Powers.Following the outbreak of the revolution,the choices of different parties were deeply affected by their fear of partition,prompting them to settle the disputes through peaceful negotiations,eloquently demonstrating the necessity of a thorough anti-imperialist and anti-feudal revolution.
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