Li Hongzhang and Coastal Defense in the Late Qing Dynasty Under Japan's Annexation of Ryukyu
After the Meiji Restoration,Japan quickly became a capitalist country,actively seeking external expansion,which was a greater threat to the declining Qing government.In the 1870s,Japan invaded Taiwan,annexed Ryukyu and continued its outward expansion.Faced with the Ryukyu issue,Li Hongzhang,the important minister of the late Qing Dynasty,sought to"preserve the Ryukyu unification"on the premise of maintaining the status of the superior state of China.During this period,Li Hongzhang's coastal defense thought developed.His strategic direction was aimed at Japan,and he attached great importance to the combined use of military and diplomacy.At the same time,his narrow island cognition was reflected.
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