Institutional Analysis of the Two Iron Credentials of the Li Clan in Hehuang in Ming Dynasty
In the early Ming Dynasty,Zhu Yuanzhang established the most complete iron credential system in Chinese history to consolidate imperial power and win over meritorious officials.The iron credential system of Ming Dynasty not only played a role in the founding heroes,imperial relatives and nobles,but also played a role in the chieftains of ethnic minority areas.With rational choice institutionalism as the theoretical basis,this paper constructs an institution-behavior analysis framework,explores the generation of the iron credential system in Ming Dynasty,and takes the two iron credentials of the Li clan chieftain in Hehuang as the analysis basis to explore the institutional performance demonstrated by the iron credential system in practical operation.The Li clan officials of Hehuang and the rulers of Ming Dynasty,as bounded rational individuals,made the most beneficial rational choices under the incentive of the iron credential system.The Li clan officials would take on the responsibility of stabilizing the Hehuang region in order to seek the preferential treatment of the Ming court.The Ming court's conferment of titles and credentials to Li Ying and Li Wen in the Li clan of Hehuang also enabled the iron credential system to play a unique role in comforting the chieftains,setting an example in the northwest,controlling the border,and stabilizing the border and consolidating the land.