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明朝河湟李氏两通免死铁券之制度主义分析

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明初,朱元璋出于巩固皇权、笼络功臣的需要,创建了中国历史上最完备的铁券制度.明朝铁券制度除作用于功臣勋贵外,也在少数民族土司头领身上发挥着作用.本文以理性选择制度主义为理论基础,构建制度——行为分析框架,探究铁券制度在明朝的生成,并以河湟李氏土司两通免死铁券为分析基点,探究铁券制度在实际运作中彰显出的制度绩效.河湟李氏土官与明朝统治者作为有限理性的行为体会在铁券制度的激励作用下作出最有利于自身的理性选择,李氏土官为求得明廷的优礼相待会承担起稳定河湟地区的责任,而明廷对河湟李氏家族土司中李英、李文的封爵授券也使得铁券制度发挥出抚恤土司、垂范西北、羁縻边陲、稳边固土等独特效用.
Institutional Analysis of the Two Iron Credentials of the Li Clan in Hehuang in Ming Dynasty
In the early Ming Dynasty,Zhu Yuanzhang established the most complete iron credential system in Chinese history to consolidate imperial power and win over meritorious officials.The iron credential system of Ming Dynasty not only played a role in the founding heroes,imperial relatives and nobles,but also played a role in the chieftains of ethnic minority areas.With rational choice institutionalism as the theoretical basis,this paper constructs an institution-behavior analysis framework,explores the generation of the iron credential system in Ming Dynasty,and takes the two iron credentials of the Li clan chieftain in Hehuang as the analysis basis to explore the institutional performance demonstrated by the iron credential system in practical operation.The Li clan officials of Hehuang and the rulers of Ming Dynasty,as bounded rational individuals,made the most beneficial rational choices under the incentive of the iron credential system.The Li clan officials would take on the responsibility of stabilizing the Hehuang region in order to seek the preferential treatment of the Ming court.The Ming court's conferment of titles and credentials to Li Ying and Li Wen in the Li clan of Hehuang also enabled the iron credential system to play a unique role in comforting the chieftains,setting an example in the northwest,controlling the border,and stabilizing the border and consolidating the land.

rational choice institutionalismiron credential systemchieftainLi YingLi Wen

张兴年、孙子衿

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青海民族大学政治与公共管理学院

理性选择制度主义 铁券制度 土司 李英 李文

2024

兰台世界
辽宁省档案局(馆),辽宁省档案学会

兰台世界

CHSSCD
影响因子:0.197
ISSN:1006-7744
年,卷(期):2024.(9)