Programmable multi-physical mechanics of mechanical metamaterials
Mechanical metamaterials are engineered materials with unconventional mechanical beha-vior that originates from artificially programmed microstructures along with intrinsic material proper-ties.With tremendous advancement in computational and manufacturing capabilities to realize com-plex microstructures over the last decade,the field of mechanical metamaterials has been attracting wide attention due to immense possibilities of achieving unprecedented multi-physical properties which are not attainable in naturally-occurring materials.One of the rapidly emerging trends in this field is to couple the mechanics of material behavior and the unit cell architecture with different other multi-physical aspects such as electrical or magnetic fields,and stimuli like temperature,light or chemical re-actions to expand the scope of actively programming on-demand mechanical responses.In this article,we aim to abridge outcomes of the relevant literature concerning mechanical and multi-physical prop-erty modulation of metamaterials focusing on the emerging trend of bi-level design,and subsequently highlight the broad-spectrum potential of mechanical metamaterials in their critical engineering applic-ations.The evolving trends,challenges and future roadmaps have been critically analyzed here in-volving the notions of real-time reconfigurability and functionality programming,4D printing,nano-scale metamaterials,artificial intelligence and machine learning,multi-physical origami/kirigami,liv-ing matter,soft and conformal metamaterials,manufacturing complex microstructures,service-life ef-fects and scalability.
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