As a management tool for officials in the Han Dynasty,"qian(condemnation)"was endowed with dis-tinct characteristics by the times:the nature of punishment and accountability.The condemnation system in the Han Dynasty,as a product of historical evolution,played an important role in the construction of imperial power and bu-reaucratic systems,and it was also an effective practice of Confucian culture entering into institutional operation.All in all,the impact of"qian"on the legal system,official management and the establishment of imperial authority can't be underestimated at the beginning stage of monarchy system.
qianHan Dynastyofficial managementthe relationship between the ruler and the ministers
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