Applications of lignin molecules in energy storage devices
Lignin is a low-cost,green,and non-toxic irregular phenolic polymer with a structure rich in functional groups such as hydroxyl and methoxy groups.It is available in large quantities from by-products of the paper industry as well as from agricultural and forestry wastes,and therefore has great potential for applications in a wide range of in-dustries.In the field of energy storage,a large number of studies have reported the use of lignin as a renewable carbon source for the preparation of electrode materials for energy storage devices.Recently,more and more studies have fo-cused on the rich functional groups in the lignin structure and applications of lignin to energy storage devices by fully utilizing the properties of functional groups.For example,lignin is used in the fabrication of ion-exchange membranes of redox flow batteries to improve the proton conductivity based on the hydrophilicity of hydroxyl groups of lignin,used in the electrode to increase the pseudocapacitance of supercapacitors by reversible reactions between the phenol and quinone structures,used in the solar cells to modify the electrode interface by benzene-ring conjugated chormo-phoric groups of lignin,used in the lithium-ion battery to increase stability with the high negative-charge density effect of oxygen contained functional groups of lignin and used in preparation of electrode for fuel cells with abundant carbon and heteroatomic functional groups in lignin.In this review,the functional group structures and performance characte-ristics of lignin molecules were introduced.Meanwhile,the effects and representative applications of lignin molecules in enhancing the electrochemical performance of mainstream energy storage devices such as supercapacitors,lithiu-mion batteries,fuel cells,solar cells,and redox flow batteries were reviewed and summarized.By maximizing the re-tention of functional groups in lignin molecules,it is possible to realize multifunctional applications of lignin mole-cules,and highly improve the electrochemical performance of energy storage devices.Finally,the problems and chal-lenges in the lignin used as energy storage materials are summarized,and the possible future development prospects and research directions are prospected.It is expected to provide a reference for the design and development of lignin-based energy storage materials with low cost and high electrochemical performance.
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据
维普
