Recent advance in synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from non-grain biomass sugar platform
To address the global energy shortage and environmental issues caused by fossil fuels,renewable energy sources are being promoted.Research in this topic is focused on converting biomass into platform chemicals instead of petroleum-based building blocks.Non-grain biomass,as a renewable energy resource with zero net CO2 emissions,is considered one of the most promising alternatives to produce liquid fuels,bio-based chemicals,and polymers.With the increasing demand for renewable energy,the continuous development of green synthetic bio-based chemicals was promoted.As an important bio-based platform chemical,5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF)can be widely used in the synthesis of a wide variety of chemicals such as levulinic acid,2,5-furan dicarboxylic acid,2,5-diformylfuran,2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-furan and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfurylamine,which can be used in fine chemicals,pharmaceutical intermediates synthesis,biodegradable materials,and liquid fuels.The application of HMF and its de-rivatives offers several solutions to the environmental and ecological problems caused by the excessive utilization of fossil fuels.However,the large-scale production of HMF is a big challenge,mainly because of the instability of HMF products and the low synthesis efficiency of carbohydrates.At present,the current industrial production of HMF is mainly attained by the dehydration of fructose that is required to eliminate three molecules of water,and the high price of fructose and the poor separation efficiency of HMF lead to the high production cost of HMF,so it is urgent to ex-pand the sugar source and improve the separation efficiency of HMF.To prepare HMF,the utilization of the non-grain biomass sugar platforms including glucose,sucrose,cellulose,inulin,and agarose,etc.,has been extensively inves-tigated,which is expected to replace fructose in the future.Recently,there has been an emergence of numerous re-searches on the carbohydrates-to-HMF process by many kinds of systems.In this study,the recent research status of synthetic and application HMF was reviewed from the perspective of different non-grain biomasses derived sugar plat-forms.The performance and mechanism of the homogeneous and heterogeneous systems catalyzing the synthesis of HMF from different sugar feedstocks were introduced,the difference between liquid acid/salt and solid acid catalyzed sugar feedstock was compared and the industrial application prospects of different synthesis processes were analyzed.Aiming at exploring the application potential and value of the synthesis of HMF from non-grain biomass derived sugar platform,this study provides theoretical reference for reducing the cost of HMF and its derivative compounds,and further development of synthetic biobased furan chemicals.
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