The article analyses the situation and cause of soil fertility degradation in National Afforestation Project(NAP)'s areas,elaborates the countermeasures to prevent the degradation of soil fertility.Based on the monitoring results of soil fertility,the article also discusses the changes of soil fertility under implementation of NAP,and provides a fundamental theory for the environmental protection and plantation establishment in a right way.The results indicate:the project has been carried out for 5 years,the guideline of environmental protection has been strictly followed and the soil fertility has increased slightly.