The Restoration Effect of Tourism on Individuals under the Healthy China Strategy:Destination Differences and Causes
With the advancement of the social economy and the accelerated pace of work and life,individu-als'physical and mental health have been significantly challenged and require urgent restoration to enhance quality of life and work efficiency.Engaging in pleasurable travel allows people to escape from their daily environment and provides an opportunity for physical and mental rejuvenation.The restorative mechanism of travel can be partially explained by the Attention Restoration Theory(ART)within the realm of restor-ative environment research.However,while ART primarily elucidates how natural environments excel in restoring attention and reducing stress,it fails to fully illustrate how travel restores individuals,let alone the variations in restorative effects among different tourism destinations.This study employed question-naires and in-depth interviews to analyze the differences in tourism restoration among various types of tourism destinations and explore the underlying causes.The questionnaire survey aimed to quantitatively evaluate the degree of tourism restoration and detect variations.Online surveys and convenience sampling were utilized,resulting in a final sample of 402 questionnaires that were collected and analyzed using mean difference tests(T-tests and ANOVA).Following the questionnaire survey,semi-structured interviews were conducted to uncover the reasons behind the differences in restoration among different destinations.A total of 23 interviewees participated in this process,and the interview data was coded and analyzed.The results indicate that the restorative effects of tourism on individuals are not limited to attention restoration but also encompass positive effects on relaxation,thought-emptying,subjective vitality,and self-confi-dence.Nonetheless,differential restorative effects were observed among different types of tourism desti-nations.The study found that natural tourism resources exhibited a significantly higher overall restorative effect compared to non-natural tourism resources,particularly in terms of perceived relaxation and thought emptying.The in-depth interviews revealed six main factors contributing to the restorative differences a-mong different types of tourism resources:novelty,immersion,chaos,escape,richness,and preference.Different types of destinations differ in their formation of tourism perceptions(e.g.,varying levels of nov-elty,immersion,chaos,escape,and richness),thereby leading to distinct restoration effects.Preference plays a moderating role,with preferred destinations exhibiting higher restoration effects.This study offers a new perspective on explaining tourism restoration beyond the Attention Restoration Theory and contrib-utes to the literature by illustrating how different types of tourism destinations influence restoration.Based on the findings,the following suggestions are provided to support China's health strategy:relevant government bodies and enterprises should fully recognize the importance of tourism in improving the over-all social health level,understand the variations in restorative effects among different tourism destinations,and apply these distinct influencing mechanisms to effectively allocate limited resources and design tourism products that promote restoration.Consequently,the gradual popularization of tourism consumption will help elevate the social health level and achieve the goals of China's Health Strategy.
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