摘要
皖南泾县地区新发现的两份民国初年禁赌文约手稿内容丰富,涉及当地清末民初赌博的现象及其原因,以及当地宗族应对的措施.晚清民国时期社会风尚的转变便利了赌博的兴起,外来游民、当地不务正业之人以及内外勾结之人是造成赌风大盛的重要推手.赌风大盛,导致百姓废时失业,荒废农时,更有甚者导致涉赌者倾家荡产,进而与盗匪勾结,严重危害当地基层社会稳定.宗族和官府采取订立禁赌文约、设置禁赌碑刻、颁布禁赌告示等禁赌措施抑制赌风蔓延.两份文约手稿与皖南其他方志、家谱、碑刻、告示相印证,体现当地士绅为防治赌风做出的应对措施.当地宗族的惩戒措施主要为罚钱罚酒,重"戒"轻"罚",强调了基层社会治理中"德"与"法"的有机结合.
Abstract
The two newly discovered handwritten prohibition documents of gambling from the early years of the Republic of China in Jing County,southern Anhui,are rich in content,involving the phenomenon and causes of gambling during the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic period,as well as the countermeasures of the local clan.The change of social customs in that period facilitated the rise of gambling,with external vagrants,local idle individuals,and those colluding internally being significant drivers of the rampant gambling.The prevalence of gambling led to the waste of time and loss of employment for the people,the neglect of farming seasons,and in extreme cases,the bankruptcy of gamblers,leading to collusion with bandits,which seriously endangered the stability of the local grassroots society.Clans and the government adopted measures such as establishing prohibition documents,setting up prohibition steles,and issuing prohibition notices to curb the spread of gambling.The two handwritten documents corroborate with other local chronicles,genealogies,steles,and notices in Southern Anhui,reflecting the measures taken by local gentry to prevent and control gambling.The disciplinary measures of local clans mainly consisted of monetary fines and penalizing with alcohol,emphasizing"prevention"over"punishment",highlighting the organic combination of"morality"and"law"in grassroots social governance.
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