柯林斯和埃文斯把STS(Science,Technology and society)划分为权威时代、民主时代和专长时代三个阶段.互动型专长是专长时代极具价值的核心概念,得益于对它的解读,互动型专家被"发现"于专家与专家、专家与公众之间的中间地带,成为STS中亟须关注的"第三类群体",且区别于权威时代与民主时代的主体研究对象.作为科学与公众间的桥梁,互动型专家虽然与可贡献型专家有着本质差异,但相比公众,其又与科学核心层保持密切联系,因而能以独特身份推动科学与民主、专家与公众间的交流融合.具体来说,互动型专家有助于公众理解和参与科学,挖掘和传播地方性知识,并能帮助重建专家信任.在这个过程中,还需要明确互动型专家的概念边界和适用范围,提高其传递知识的有效性,以及弥补相应的制度缺失.
Interactive Experts as the "Third Group" in STS
Collins and Evans divided STS into three stages:the era of authority,the era of democracy,and the era of expertise.Interactive expertise is a valuable core concept in the era of expertise.Interactive experts are"discovered"in the middle zone between experts and experts,experts and the public,they are different from the main research objects in the era of authority or democracy,and become the"third group"that needs urgent atten-tion in STS.As a bridge between science and the public,interactive experts are essentially different from contribu-tory experts.However,compared with the public,they are closely connected with the core layer of science,so they can promote the communication and integration between science and democracy,experts and the public in their unique identity.Specifically,interactive experts help the public understand and participate in science,excavate and disseminate local knowledge,and help rebuild public trust for experts.In this process,it is necessary to clarify the conceptual boundary and scope of application of interactive experts,improve the effectiveness of their knowledge transfer,and make up for the lack of corresponding systems.
expertiseexpertinteractive expertsocial studies on science
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