Transcendence over Positivism and Modernism—Adam Schaff's Defense of Marxist Historicism
Marxist historicism faces many misunderstandings though it holds an important position in the gene-alogy of historicism.Adam Schaff believes that the misreading of historicism is mainly manifested in the viewpoints of positivism and modernism.The former adheres to a negative theory of historical reflection,denies human subjec-tive initiative,and shifts towards historical determinism due to high dependence on historical laws.The latter em-phasizes the priority of the cognitive subjects,denies the objectivity of history,and ultimately falls into the quag-mire of relativism.Marxist historicism adheres to the dialectical epistemology of materialism,emphasizing the his-torical and progressive characteristics of truth,thus distinguishing it from positivism and modernism.
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