Transformation from Musical System to Ritual System:Theoretical Source of the Construction in the System of Southern and Northern Suburbs
The sacrificial system in southern and northern suburbs was originated from the musical system and transformed into the ritual system in the Western Han Dynasty.Playing music with six musical changes on the win-ter solstice in the southern suburb for five days offered sacrifice to the heaven;playing music with eight musical changes on the summer solstice in the northern suburb for five days offered sacrifice to the earth.Thus the system of music modification,music composition,and instrumental ensemble came into being for the purposes to compose music and to be consistent with yin-yang.The suburban atmosphere in four seasons matched with music and dance,which was transformed into the suburban ritual system sacrificing the Five Emperors in the Western Han Dynasty.Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty adopting the existing system and creating the sacrificial ritual system sacrificed Taiyi(Polaris)in the suburb on the winter solstice.Divination text preserved the theories proposed by the Confu-cian scholars in the Han Dynasty;Wang Mang reformed the sacrificial system by setting the northern and southern suburbs to worship the Five Emperors and established the suburban sacrifice system.The reformed system put em-phasis on rites rather than music,so the later generations mostly address it as the ritual system.
divination textwinter solstice and summer solsticeplaying grand musicsouthern and northern suburbsdirector of music officials
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