The restrictive quantifier"jing"in Modern Chinese is a multifunctional item,which can express the meaning of inclusiveness、exclusiveness and high frequency habitual.This paper uses the method of semantic structure analysis to analyze the usages of"jing"and the relationship between its various usages.On this basis,this paper draws its conceptual space and semantic maps of Standard Chinese,Hunan dialect and Hakka dialect,which can conclude linguistic universals.By contrast,"jing"in modern Mandarin Chinese has the most abundant functions.Besides,from the point of views of linguistic differentiation and ontology,this paper proves that exclusiveness stems from inclusiveness.
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