Coordination Effect of Tourism Economy and Ecosystem Services in China and Its Obstacle Factors
Against the backdrop of ecological civilization construction,it is essential to rigorously assess the relationship between the tourism economy and the ecological environment.Such an investigation can shed light on obstacles hindering the coordinated development of these two concepts.Accompanying insights will be useful in several respects.First,no unified system currently exists with which to evaluate the ecological environment,and indicators have typically been chosen subjectively.Second,researchers have tended to address the ecological environment's direct impacts while neglecting its indirect effects(e.g.,externalities).Third,scholars have generally selected ecological environment assessment indicators featuring distinct units;it is hence infeasible to compare environmental costs and financial benefits based on the same unit of measurement.This paper innovatively introduces ecosystem services into research on the coordinated development of the tourism economy and the ecological environment.It presents scientific,objective measures of this environment to promote functional services within society.It also encourages empirical efforts around the ecological environment's coordinated development with the tourism economy.In particular,this paper extends the static model of ecosystem service value by building a dynamic analysis framework.The relationship between the tourism economy and ecosystem services is appraised spatiotemporally on a national(Chinese)scale from 2000 to 2020 with great strategic value.The barrier degree model is adopted to identify key barriers to the coordinated development of the tourism economy and ecosystem services.Several notable findings emerge from this research.For instance,the comprehensive index of China's tourism economy exhibits a trend of overall growth,albeit with fluctuations:the economic development of tourism is high in the southeast and low in the northwest.Ecosystem services in China appear to have improved to some extent as evidenced by general growth;the distribution pattern is high in the east and low in the west,showing a decline from the southeast to the northwest.China's tourism economy and ecosystem services have also remained in a high-level run-in stage for some time.Their coupling coordination has grown steadily;it is high in the east and south but low in the west and north.This coordination therefore possesses clear pole-core characteristics.Finally,multiple factors are found to hamper the coordinated development of the tourism economy and ecosystem services(i.e.,tourism economic benefits,support services,the economic scale of tourism,and regulatory services).In brief,this article assesses China's ecological environment based on ecosystem services.The findings fill gaps in relevant literature and can serve as a reference for holistic explorations of the ecological environment.These results also enrich the body of work on green and sustainable tourism development in the new era.Put simply,the tourism economy and ecosystem services can be organically integrated.The perspective of"two mountains theory"is clarified here along with the notion of ecological civilization construction.This study additionally has practical implications.Its outcomes can guide tourism's ecological development.Results have the potential to further transform tourism economic growth modes and to refine associated development concepts.The findings can uncover pathways to green and sustainable development within the tourism economy as well.
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