The Policy of Rural Tourism Promotes the Development of Poor Areas:Quasi-natural Experiments Based on the "National Tourism Poverty Alleviation Demonstration Project"
Rural tourism has effectively increased the disposable income of rural people in China and has helped them escape from absolute poverty.So,rural tourism has been regarded by the government as an important means to get rid of poverty and get rich.The report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly puts forward the goal of"consolidating and expanding the results of poverty alleviation".Thus,whether the above policies can achieve this goal in the post-poverty eradication era,and what the mechanism in the policy transmission process is,these questions deserve deep consideration.The paper first proposes the following three impact mechanisms of rural tourism policies through mechanistic deduction and characteristic facts:The development of rural tourism enhances rural population employment,promotes the construction of digital infrastructure,and improves the ecological environment of the places where tourism is conducted,thus generating the policy effect of poverty alleviation and income increase.Subsequently,using the panel data of 832 national-level poor counties in 22 provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions in China from 2010 to 2020,we conducted an empirical test through a double difference method controlling for individual and annual fixed effects.The results show that(1)the rural tourism policy,represented by the"National Tourism Poverty Alleviation Demonstration Project",has promoted the economic development of poor counties in China,and the effect is also sustainable and spatially spilled over in time and space.(2)Three mechanisms underlying this effect are the significant increase in rural population employment,the continuous construction of digital infrastructure,and the continuous improvement of the ecological environment.(3)The policy effect has a more significant impact on the central and western regions than on the eastern regions.(4)Different types of rural tourism policies are heterogeneous in terms of the spatial and temporal nature of the effects and the choice of impact mechanisms.In terms of research perspective,this paper focuses on rural tourism,providing a new idea for consolidating and expanding the results of poverty alleviation.In terms of research scope,this paper uses national-level poverty-stricken county data as the basis for empirical testing,expanding the data scope of existing studies that take local regions as examples.In terms of research theory,this paper applies tourism mobility theory to the field of rural tourism,expanding the boundaries of the theory's application.In terms of research findings,in addition to affirming the positive effects of rural tourism policies,this paper explores three mechanisms underlying the positive effects.These mechanisms refer to the impact of rural tourism on rural population employment,digital infrastructure and county ecological environment,to open the"black box"of the policy transmission process.On the other hand,we also further explore the sustainability and spatial spillover of the policy effects.
rural tourismfactor flowconsolidating gains from poverty alleviationsustainability and spatial spilloverdifference in differences
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