Research on Flow Simulation and Tourism Routes Optimization Based on Visual Preference:A Case Study of Gulangyu Island
Tourism planning and tourist flow management are critical issues for tourism destinations,and research on tourist behavior and visual perception provides a new perspective on these issues.This study constructed a three-dimensional space of tourist behavior and focused on the destination environment from the perspective of tourists'visual preferences.Using Gulangyu island,China as a case study,this investigation employed multi-agent simulation methods to research flow simulation,tourism route optimization,and tourism congestion prevention;the integrated application of the methods was achieved.First,optimization strategies for four tourism routes were proposed based on visual preference;the optimized routes improved visual utility and the guiding of external tourist flow.Second,the potential crowding risk from tourist flow was simulated and predicted according to the optimized tourism routes.Among the four official routes,the"Hundred-year Heritage"route had the highest potential risk of crowding in the future.Third,the key intersections in the"Hundred-year Heritage"route were selected for spatial optimization.The simulation after optimization showed the alleviation of potential crowding risk.In conclusion,after repeated verification of"visual preference measurement-general simulation optimization-congestion risk prediction-fine simulation optimization,"this study met the established optimization goals while avoiding possible risks and realized the layer-by-layer refinement from street space(mesolevel)to visual elements(microlevel).This study makes several contributions.First,in theory,the study constructs a ternary spatial theoretical model of tourist behavior and proposes a framework for flow simulation and tourism route optimization based on visual preference.This study interprets the interactive relationship between people and the environment through the interaction of space and behavior and establishes the subject-object relationship between environmental constraints and individual perception and the supply-demand relationship between environmental conditions and individual preferences.Second,from a research perspective,this study combines not only objective tourism environment elements and subjective tourist choice preference measurement but also the mesoscale(optimization of tourism route planning)and the microscale(street space design)environments.The study also realizes the multiple perspectives of subjective-objective integration and multi-scale optimization.Third,this study develops a multi-dimensional method that includes multi-objective orientation and hierarchical advancement,combined multi-source data(street view images,questionnaire data,and Global Positioning System data),and multi-methods(deep learning,stated preference,and geographic information system-based spatial analysis and visualization).Finally,the findings indicate that extending the technical framework to other similar tourism sites to measure landscape quality,simulate tourist flow,or design tourism routes can provide references for related research.Moreover,with its theoretical measurement results for visual preference,congestion prediction,and space optimization,this study proposes an optimization scheme in a targeted manner that is suitable for the management and planning of heritage tourism sites and thus has application value.
heritage tourism sitevisual preferencetourism routemulti-agent simulationGulangyu island
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