Factors Affecting Changes in China's Red Tourism Policies:A Qualitative Comparative Analysis
Red tourism is a long-term political initiative,which is a popular and enriching project for China.Red tourism is demonstrating a positive development trend and playing important economic,social,and ecological roles.Defining the social,economic,political and cultural missions through well-researched and effective policy guidelines is the optimum strategy to ensure continuing high-quality development of red tourism.However,in reviewing the existing literature,there is insufficient evidence of changes in red tourism policy guidelines and initiatives,and their impacts.Therefore,this research focused on three county-level red tourism destinations(Shaoshan,Ruijin and Jinggangshan)to examine the changes in their red tourism policies.The research questions included:1)what are the influential factors changing red tourism policies;2)which factors play core and necessary roles;and 3)to which configurations does each influential factor belong.Six conditional variables,including ideological and political education policy(IP),cultural industry policy(CI),institutional reform(IR),major thematic activity(MT),tourism market sentiment(TM),public participation(PP),and one outcome variable(the change of red tourism policy,PC)were selected.Data on local red tourism policies and conditional variables from 2004 to 2020 were collected through government official websites and news media websites.The crisp-set qualitative comparative analysis(csQCA)method was used for single factor necessity analysis and condition combination analysis,and a robustness test was conducted.The following conclusions were made.1)There was no single necessary condition for a change in red tourism policy,and the influential factors are comprehensive,resulting from a multi-source flow interaction;2)the factors driving red tourism policy changes were sentiment-,policy-,organization-,policy-sentiment-,policy-organization-,organization-sentiment-,policy-organization-sentiment-,and weak hybrid-driven.Each factor played a significant role in changes under varying circumstances;and 3)sentiment composed of tourism market sentiment and public participation was the core factor combination affecting changes in red tourism policy.Policy suggestions are articulated to guide the appropriate formulation and effective implementation of red tourism policy.The research findings enrich the literature on red tourism and provide a new perspective for future red tourism investigations.Also,the influential factors and configuration paths of red tourism policy change are clarified,providing a theoretical reference for the formulation and implementation of policies to promote high-quality development of red tourism.
red tourismpublic policytourism policypolicy changehigh-quality development
NETL
NSTL
万方数据
