摘要
社区民宿在为住客带来新鲜体验、促进住宿业高质量发展的同时,打破了社区原有生态均衡,导致一系列基层治理困境与社会矛盾,在邻避与迎臂之间表现出经济欲望和民生权利的矛盾心理.文章通过建构社区民宿邻避冲突的评价体系,探究上海地区社区民宿邻避冲突的双重衍生路径(最小抵抗原则与风险社会放大)、影响机制以及应对策略.结果表明:居民、物业、街道、社居委等社区利益相关群体整体呈现出"不在自家社区"的邻避态度.以利益相关群体对民宿经营接受水平作为社区民宿邻避冲突的测度指标,验证了社区民宿邻避效应的存在性,识别出社区民宿邻避冲突的显著影响因素.基于边际产出递减规律,文章主张将各变量回归(弹性)系数作为邻避治理策略的设计依据,在资源配置中优先考虑边际治理效率更高的指标变量.文章探索性揭示了社区民宿邻避冲突的潜在干预路径,可以为民用设施商业化运营的深层次研究提供思路启示.
Abstract
Homestay,offering visitors authentic local experiences,has become a widely welcomed type of accommodation in different countries.Despite people can recognize the economic benefits that homestays can bring to a community,they are often against,or at least not strongly supportive of,homestay development in their own community.That is,a NIMBY(not in my backyard)effect may exist,which can lead to social conflicts between local residents and greatly challenge the governance of social communities.To resolve the NIMBY conflicts that possibly exist in different communities,it is essential to understand the mechanisms underlying the NIMBY effect.This research proposes that the path of least resistance and social amplifications of risk are two important reasons for the NIMBY conflicts in homestay development.Based on interviews with different community stakeholders,this research developed an index to measure the NIMBY conflicts related to homestay development,which included four dimensions,risk perception,environment justice,resident characteristics,and community attributes.Further,this research investigated the level of NIMBY conflicts regarding different communities in Shanghai and examined the impacts of the dimensions of NIMBY conflicts on residents'supportive attitude toward homestay development in their own community.Results confirmed the existence of the NIMBY effect in the development of homestay:Different stakeholders in a local community(i.e.,the government,residents,homestay owners,property management companies,and community committees)were more or less against homestay development in their own communities and their resistance largely corresponded to the major components of a NIMBY effect.Also,regression results showed that environment quality,risk perception,community attitudes,and individual characteristics significantly affected residents'supportive attitudes toward homestay development.The regression coefficients in this research reflected each factor's elasticity of homestay support.Based on the law of diminishing marginal returns,this research proposed that the strategies for NIMBY conflicts lied in the factors of high elasticity;the local government should invest resources into these factors to resolve NIMBY conflicts in homestay development.Findings of this research shed light on effective governance of local communities and benefit the development of homestay industry.
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