For large-scale muon transmission imaging scenarios,a block coordinate descent(BCD)based muon transmission imaging model was proposed,and a noise-resistant Newton error summation(NES)method designed to solve the proposed model in order to construct a muon transmission imaging model.BCD-NES method for muon transmission imaging was constructed.The algorithm significantly reduced the computational complexity and memory resource consumption by avoiding the direct solution of the large-scale optimization problem when solving the muon transmission imaging problem.Simulation and experimental results showed that the proposed algorithm could effectively realize the imaging of the object to be measured both with and without noise interference,and it could avoid the problem of anomalous body deformation in practical applications and make up for the shortcomings of traditional imaging methods.