摘要
二战后,随着美苏冷战拉开序幕和出于反共产主义国家的需要,在美国政府和私人组织的庞大资金和制度支持下,美国的地区和国别研究迅速发展.在此背景下,苏联学开始形成并快速发展起来.美国苏联学的发展不仅有其自身的内涵、学科范畴、方法论基础,也有强大的制度和人才基础,在其发展过程中先后形成了主导美国苏联研究的两大理论范式———极权主义和修正主义.虽然冷战期间的美国苏联研究实力堪称世界一流,但却被高度政治化和意识形态化,这决定了苏联学的发展从一开始就具有诸多的缺陷和弊端,最后因未能预测到苏联的解体而饱受诟病.
Abstract
After World War II, as the Cold War between the US and the USSR was unfolding, to meet the need of opposing communist countries, the US government and private foundations spent a huge amount of money in fostering rapid growth of regional and national studies.Under the circumstance, Sovietology became a fast expanding field.The field of Soviet studies in the United States developed its own contents, scholarly criteria, and theories, gave rise to powerful institutions, and trained special talents.In the process, two interpretative paradigms emerged to dominate the field:totalitarianism and revisionism.During the Cold War, the Sovietology of the United States ranked the best in the world, and yet, from the onset the field was politicized and dogmatized.Hindered by limitations and various flaws, the field failed to foresee the disintegration of the Soviet Union and would therefore be criticized in the years to come.
基金项目
中央高校基本科研业务费项目华东师范大学人文社会科学青年跨学科创新团队项目(2018ECNU-QKT009)
NETL
NSTL
维普
万方数据