Under load in order to research the instability of the rock deformation and acoustic emission(AE)response characteristics,under uniaxial loading,for gradual breakdown until instability of rock specimen standards.The whole process of experiment and re-search,using rock mechanics test system RMT-301 and DS5-8b AE instrument record all information of rock damage response charac-teristic parameters,mechanical parameters and AE by using RFPA2D system realized the numerical simulation of the process.The results show that the number evolution characteristics of AE location events can reflect the degree of rock damage,and the spatio-temporal evo-lution characteristics can reflect the actual failure process of rocks.Under load,the loading stress during rock failure and instability has a good correspondence with the AE response characteristics.When the stress breaks(surges or sharply decreases),the cumulative AE ringing count and cumulative AE energy all surge.Cumulative AE ringing count and AE cumulative energy surge,stress does not neces-sarily break;the results of laboratory test and numerical simulation are verified with each other,which further explains the rock failure and deformation law and AE response investment.Finally,a quantitative model of AE signal and damage is established based on ae re-sponse characteristic parameters,which further reveals the failure behavior of rocks.The results provide an idea for the study of rock damage mechanism and provide reference for other geotechnical engineering or similar problems.