华北地区古建筑木构件开裂类型与特征分析
Crack Types and Characteristics of Timber Members in Ancient Building in North China
韩旭 1周海宾 2黄磊 1王双永 1王卫滨3
作者信息
- 1. 中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所,北京 100091
- 2. 中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所,北京 100091;古建筑木材科学研究与保护国家文物局重点科研基地,北京 100091
- 3. 山西省古建筑与彩塑壁画保护研究院,山西太原 030012
- 折叠
摘要
木构件开裂是木结构古建筑中主要残损类型之一,影响古建筑安全性能.为研究古建筑木构件的开裂类型与特征,通过现场勘查对我国华北地区8处木结构古建筑的关键木构件开裂情况进行检测,获得古建筑木构件开裂残损的类型与形态、数量、尺寸等特征,并与自然干燥的现代材开裂情况进行比较,观察木材裂缝长时间的变化情况.研究结果表明:古建筑木构件开裂率约85%,裂缝按其形态与开裂原因可分为干缩裂缝与受力裂缝,干缩裂缝为主要类型;多数干缩裂缝开裂深度未至髓心,比例为78.16%;木构件干缩开裂特征受其形态影响,自然干燥现代材与古建筑木材开裂特征相同,达到平衡含水率后开裂特征基本不发生变化.
Abstract
The cracking of timber members is one of the main damage in the timber structure of ancient buildings,which affects the safety performance of ancient buildings.To study the crack types and characteristics in timber members of ancient buildings,timber members from 8 ancient wooden structures in North China were evaluated through field investigation.The types,shapes,quantities,and sizes of cracks were recorded.The cracking of naturally-dried modern wood was monitored for a long time to obtain the long-term data.The results show that the cracking ratio in ancient building timber members is about 85%.According to the crack morphology and cracking causes,the cracks in timber members can be divided into dry-shrinkage cracks and stress cracks.The majority of cracks are dry-shrinkage cracks,which appeared away from the pith,and the proportion is 78.16%.The characteristics of drying-shrinkage cracks are mainly affected by the shape of timber members.The characteristics of cracks in both air-dried wood and ancient building wood are the same.After reaching equilibrium moisture content,the cracking characteristics rarely change.
关键词
木结构古建筑/开裂木构件/现场勘查/类型与特征Key words
ancient wooden structures/cracked timber member/field investigation/type and characteristic引用本文复制引用
基金项目
国家重点研发计划(2023YFF0906301)
中国文化遗产研究院开放课题(2022002)
山西省文物科技项目(2023KT02)
出版年
2024
国家科技期刊平台
NSTL
万方数据