首页|三种古建筑常用阔叶树材耐腐性及防腐可处理性研究

三种古建筑常用阔叶树材耐腐性及防腐可处理性研究

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  • 国家科技期刊平台
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杨木、榆木和槐木是我国古建筑常用阔叶树材，进一步了解其耐腐性能和防腐可处理性能，可为古建筑木结构防腐处理和修缮保护提供参考。本研究选择槐木(Styphnolobium japonica)、榆木(Ulmus pumila)和大青杨(Populus ussuriensis)三种木材，首先测定其天然耐腐等级，然后通过铜唑防腐剂的载药量和横截面渗透情况来评价木材的防腐可处理性，并测试防腐处理材的耐腐性能，最后对比分析三种木材的孔隙结构特征与防腐可处理性之间的联系。结果表明:大青杨最容易被处理，榆木次之，槐木最难处理。其中，槐木为Ⅰ级强耐腐木材，榆木和大青杨分别为Ⅲ级稍耐腐和Ⅳ级不耐腐木材，古建筑中替换杨木和榆木构件需要进行防腐处理来提高耐腐性能，且其经过铜唑防腐处理后均可达到强耐腐等级。三种木材的孔隙结构和防腐可处理性结果分析显示:木材中介孔难以被铜唑防腐剂渗透，且孔径在大孔范围分布越大、所占比例越高的木材，其防腐可处理性越强。
The Decay Resistance and Preservative Treatability of Three Hardwoods Commonly Used in Ancient Buildings
Populus spp.,Ulmus spp.,and Styphnolobium spp.are the three hardwood species commonly used in ancient buildings in China.To provide a reference for the preservation and restoration of ancient wood buildings,this study evaluated the decay resistance and preservative treatability of three hardwood species.First the decay resistance of the Styphnolobium japonica,Ulmus pumila,and Populus ussuriensis was determined using the laboratory decay resistance test method,and then the preservative treatability of the wood was evaluated by the net retention and cross-sectional penetration of injected CuAz-4 preservative.The preservative-treated specimens were tested for decay resistance.Finally,the pore structure parameters were quantitatively characterized by mercury intrusion porosimetry,to analyze the relationship between the pore structures and their preservative treatability.The results showed that Populus ussuriensis was the easiest to treat,Ulmus pumila was next,and Styphnolobium japonica was the most difficult to treat.Among them,Styphnolobium japonica was a strong decay resistant species(Grade Ⅰ),Ulmus pumila and Populus ussuriensis were slightly durable(Grade Ⅲ)and not durable(Grade Ⅳ),respectively.Ulmus spp.and Populus spp.wood components in ancient buildings needed to be treated to improve decay resistance.After CuAz-4 preservative treatment the wood samples reached the strong decay resistant level.Analysis of the results for pore structure and preservative treatability showed that mesopores were difficult to be penetrated by CuAz-4 preservative,the larger the pore size distribution in the macroporous range,the higher the percentage,the higher the preservative treatability of the wood.

commonly used hardwoods in ancient buildingsdecay resistancepore structurecopper azole preservativepreservative treatability

方旋、张景朋、李嘉欣、熊怡心、杨淑燕、马星霞

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中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所,北京 100091

西安交通大学,陕西西安 710049

古建筑常用阔叶树材 耐腐性能 孔隙结构 铜唑防腐剂 防腐可处理性

中央公益性科研院所基金平台项目国家自然科学基金项目国家文物局文物保护行业标准制定项目

CAFYBB2023PA00431971588WW2020-004-T

2024

10.12326/j.2096-9694.2023145

木材科学与技术
中国林科院木材工业研究所

木材科学与技术

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子：0.677
ISSN：2096-9694
年,卷(期)：2024.38(2)
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