试析美国民主、共和两党在巴以问题上的共识、差异与影响
Analyzing the U.S.Democratic and Republican Parties on the Palestinian-Israeli Issue:Consensus,Differences and Influences
张文宗 1王苏舆2
作者信息
- 1. 中国现代国际关系研究院;中国现代国际关系研究院美国研究所
- 2. 中国现代国际关系研究院美国研究所
- 折叠
摘要
美国对以色列的跨党派支持,特别是强有力的军事支持是巴以问题长期得不到解决的重要原因.冷战结束后,美国两党轮流主导的政府和国会在对待巴以"两国方案"上存在一定差异.民主党相对而言比较重视和推动"两国方案",而共和党则更同情以色列右翼政府,特朗普首次执政时期几乎完全站在拒绝"两国方案"的以色列内塔尼亚胡极右翼政府一边.2023年10月新一轮巴以冲突爆发后,美国两党均支持加大对以色列的军援以摧毁哈马斯,维护以色列安全,但随着事态发展在支持程度上呈现一定差异性.这种政策差异离不开美国选民和犹太裔在巴以问题上的分化,与两党外交理念的差异和2024年大选也有关系.新一轮巴以冲突将一度被边缘化的巴以问题和"两国方案"重新置于国际政治的焦点.但特朗普赢得大选并重新执政后,可能实施比拜登政府更加亲以色列、敌视伊朗、冷落巴勒斯坦的政策,这将改变中东的地缘政治版图,反过来使美国国内支持巴以"两国方案"的力量被进一步削弱.
Abstract
U.S.bipartisan support for Israel,especially strong military support,is an important reason why the Palestinian-Israeli issue has remained unre-solved for a long time.Since the end of the Cold War,the U.S.adminis-tration and Congress alternately led by the two parties have differed to some extent in their treatment of the two-state solution to the Palestinian-Israeli conflict.The Democratic Party attaches more importance to the two-state solution,while the Republican Party is more sympathetic to the right-wing government of Israel.The Donald Trump administration was almost entirely on the side of the far-right Netanyahu government,which rejected the two-state solution.After the outbreak of the new round of Palestinian-Israeli conflict in October 2023,both parties in the U.S.supported Israel by in-creasing military aid in order to destroy Hamas and safeguard Israel's secur-ity.However,as the situation develops,there are certain differences in the degree of the support.The policy differences are attributed not only to di-vided voters and American Jews on the Israeli-Palestinian issue,but also to the different diplomatic philosophies of the two parties and the 2024 U.S.presidential election.The new round of Palestinian-Israeli conflict has put the once marginalized Palestinian-Israeli issue and the two-state solution back into the spotlight of international politics.However,after winning the presidential election and returning to the White House,Donald Trump may implement policies that are more pro-Israel and hostile to Iran than those of the Biden administration.This will change the geopolitical map of the Mid-dle East,and in turn further weaken the U.S.domestic support for the two-state solution.
关键词
美国军事与外交/中东/巴以冲突/美国两党/"两国方案"引用本文复制引用
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据