美国对外援助中的"安全-发展联结"问题
Security-Development Nexus of U.S.Foreign Aid
郭语1
作者信息
摘要
"安全-发展联结"是国家和国际政策层面的重要议题,是分析国家安全与发展关系的理论框架.长期以来,美国一直是全球最大、最重要的双边援助国,对外援助是其实现全球战略目标的重要手段.美国的对外援助一直具有"安全-发展联结"的特征.虽然这种联结时强时弱,但根深蒂固.近年来,随着大国博弈和地缘竞争在政治、经济、科技、舆论领域全方位展开,美国对外援助再次呈现出"安全-发展联结"的强特征.这突出表现在援助机构与协调机制设置、援助资金流向与地区布局、援助叙事话语建构三个方面."安全-发展联结"对美国对外援助产生了深远影响,使美国对外援助陷入了"安全-发展联结"的悖论:一方面,发展议题因为承载了安全目标而获得更多优先性和资金及资源,发展部门也因此获得更多重要性和话语权;另一方面,因为安全目标的强势,对外援助领域的安全议题挤出发展议题,导致发展部门日益成为服务于安全目标的手段和路径,处于工具化、从属化和边缘化地位.当前形势下,认真思考"安全-发展联结"的互动关系具有重要的现实意义.
Abstract
The"Security-Development Nexus"is an important issue in terms of national and international policy and is a theoretical framework for analy-zing the relationship between security and development.The United States has long been the world's largest and most important bilateral donor,and foreign aid is a means of realizing its global strategic objectives;therefore,the U.S.foreign aid has an obvious characteristic of"Security-Develop-ment Nexus."Although the nexus is sometimes strong and sometimes weak,it is deeply rooted.As the great power game and geopolitical compe-tition unfolds in the political,economic,scientific,technological,and public opinion fields,there is also a clear trend towards the securitization of U.S.foreign aid,which is manifested in the institutional setup and co-ordination mechanism,the flow of funds and regional distribution,as well as the narrative discourse of foreign aid.The"Security-Development Nex-us"of U.S.foreign aid has significant consequences,which has led to the paradox of the"security-development nexus."On the one hand,develop-ment objectives give more importance and priority to foreign aid affairs and their authorities;on the other hand,security objectives crowd out develop-ment objectives,and foreign aid authorities have been increasingly subordi-nated and marginalized as they have become tools of security.In the cur-rent situation,it is of great practical significance to study the interactive re-lationship of the"Security-Development Nexus."
关键词
美国军事与外交/对外援助/"安全-发展联结"/国家安全战略引用本文复制引用
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
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