Delayed sowing of soybean improved productivity of the cotton-soybean intercropping system
[Objective]This study aims to investigate the effect of proper postponement of soybean sowing on the productivity of cotton-soybean intercropping system.[Methods]Field experiments were conducted in Linqing City,Shandong Province in 2022 and 2023,and five treatments were set up:cotton monoculture(CM),early-sown soybean monoculture(ESM),late-sown soybean monoculture(LSM),cotton intercropped with early-sown soybean(C‖ES),and cotton intercropped with late-sown soybean(C‖LS).Various agronomic traits,leaf area index(LAI),canopy photosynthetic rate(CAP),crop yield,harvest index,and land equivalent ratio(LER)were compared among the treatments.[Results]Intercropping is beneficial to reduce the number of rotten bolls per cotton plant at the boll-opening stage.Compared with CM and C‖ES treatments,cotton LAI of C‖LS at the peak boll-setting stage and boll-opening stage were significantly increased,and the average CAP of cotton under C‖LS treatment at the peak squaring stage,peak flowering stage,and peak boll-setting stage were significantly increased.Compared with CM,seed cotton yield of C‖LS treatment significantly increased by 11.8％-13.5％,and significantly increased by 21.4％-23.5％in the border row.Compared with C‖ES treatment,seed cotton yield of C‖LS treatment showed a significant increase of 6.4％-9.4％,with a significant increase of 12.9％-14.8％in the border row.Compared with CM and C‖ES treatments,the biological yield of C‖LS treatment was increased by 14.6％-18.1％and 8.1％-8.6％,respectively;with an increase of 22.9％-31.3％and 11.9％-21.2％in the border row,respectively.There was no significant difference in harvest index among different treatments.Soybean yield under different treatments was as follows:C‖ES＞C‖LS＞ESM＞LSM.The biological yield of early sowing soybean was higher than that of late sowing soybean.The soybean harvest index of C‖LS treatment was the highest.The LER of C‖LS treatment was significantly increased by 4.8％compared with that of C‖ES treatment.[Conclusion]Properly delaying the sowing date of soybean can alleviate soybean'competition with cotton in the intercropping system,thereby enhancing the overall productivity of the cotton-soybean intercropping system.
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