In 2022,global CO2 emissions reached 36.07 Gt,but only 230 Mt of CO2 were captured and utilized,accounting for just 0.64％of the total emissions.To achieve the ambitious goal of carbon neu-trality by 2060,CO2 emissions must be reduced to 5 Gt,with CO2 utilization reaching a total of 1.2 Gt,representing a utilization rate of 24％.This highlights the urgent need to enhance CO2 utilization.Carbon capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)technology is considered one of the most promising solutions for mitigating CO2 emissions in addressing the urgent global challenges posed by climate change.The transformation of captured CO2 into value-added industrial products(CCU)through vari-ous chemical,biological,and electrochemical processes has been a core focus of both academic and in-dustrial research.Despite the focus on CCU,the precise contribution of various conversion technologies to reducing CO2 emissions remains unclear.To address this issue,this paper systematically reviews the developmental landscape of CO2 conversion technologies over recent decades,with a particular focus on three representative CO2 conversion pathways and their resulting products.Through a comprehensive a-nalysis,the paper conducts a comparative assessment of the environmental impacts and technical eco-nomics associated with distinct technology pathways and products.The discussion further explores the potential applications of these conversion technologies and their capacity to achieve negative carbon e-missions.Crucially,the research highlights the substantial potential for achieving negative carbon emis-sions,thereby playing a pivotal role in the overall reduction of CO2 emissions.In conclusion,this paper not only provides insights into the current state of CO2 conversion technologies but also emphasizes the crucial role of carbonation and polymerization products in achieving significant reductions in carbon e-missions.
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