卢卡奇"历史总体性"的历史唯物主义评判
Judgment of Lukács'"Historical Totality"from Historical Materialism
沈江平1
作者信息
- 1. 中国人民大学21世纪中国马克思主义协同创新研究中心;中国人民大学马克思主义学院(北京100872)
- 折叠
摘要
卢卡奇在《历史与阶级意识》中以"总体性"视角开启西方马克思主义对历史唯物主义的"重释",试图在"历史"中建构"主体—客体"辩证法以唤醒无产阶级的阶级意识,由此推进十月革命开辟的无产阶级革命道路.这种倚于主体的"历史总体性"在批判资本主义社会中一定程度上强调了历史唯物主义的原则和方法,但其在历史结构上把自然界排除在社会历史之外而抛弃了辩证法的物质基础,在历史过程上难以突破物化意识的藩篱而背离了辩证法的革命性质,最终因沿袭了浪漫的反资本主义和反科学主义而陷入了乌托邦困境,并导向了抽象的、精神上的"历史总体性".实际上,"总体性"在立足生产实践的历史唯物主义中并没有缺场,"总体性"是建基于社会基本矛盾运动之上的社会关系的总体性,秉持总体的具体性与具体的总体性辩证统一的历史性特质,是引导无产阶级自觉认识世界和改造世界的新世界观.
Abstract
Lukács starts the"reinterpretation"of historical materialism by western Marxism from the perspective of"totality"in his book History and Class Consciousness.In fact,it constructs a"subject object"dialectic in"history",awakens proletarian consciousness,and promotes the proletarian revolution and liberation path opened up by the"October Revolution".This subjective"historical totality"has certainly restored the principle and method of historical materialism in criticizing capitalist society.It excludes nature from social history in its historical structure and abandons the material foundation of dialectics.It is difficult to break through the barrier of materialization consciousness in the historical process and suffocate the revolutionary nature of dialectics,following the romantic anti capitalism and anti-scientism in historical prospects,they fell into a utopian dilemma,ultimately leading to an abstract and spiritual"historical totality".In fact,historical materialism is not the absence of"totality".Its totality is based on the totality of social relations based on the movement of basic social contradictions.It adheres to the dialectical unity of overall concreteness and specific totality,and is a new worldview that guides the proletariat to consciously understand and change the world.
关键词
历史与阶级意识/历史总体性/历史辩证法/历史唯物主义Key words
History and Class Consciousness/historical totality/historical dialectic/historical materialism引用本文复制引用
基金项目
中央高校基本科研业务费专项(23XNA015)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据