Cutting and Reconstruction:Ancient Chinese Painting and Calligraphy in Japan
Ancient Chinese painting and calligraphy that were introduced to Japan underwent significant reorganization and reinterpretation,as well as reorientation and redefinition within Japanese culture.Especially after the Momoyama period(1573-1603),in order to adapt to the appreciation of tea hangings in the tea ceremony and the production method of"Kohitsurui-tekagami"(hand-held viewing devices),Japanese collectors often altered Chinese painting and calligraphy from handscrolls to hanging scrolls,removed signatures and seals,and even cut them into fragments,displaying a state entirely different from the traditional Chinese art of scroll painting and calligraphy,which often"grows like tree rings."Therefore,placing the"transformations"of Chinese painting and calligraphy by Chinese and Japanese viewers and the concepts behind them under a comparative perspective for research not only makes the artistic traditions of the two countries clearer in comparison,breaking through the simple path of seeking"Chinese elements"in foreign cultures in past research,but also can become an important window for us to observe the general laws of the overseas spread of Chinese art.