Effects of natural and human disturbance factors on ecological environmental quality changes in the Loess Plateau
The Loess Plateau is a typical ecologically sensitive area,which is easily affected by natural and human activities.It is necessary to identify the influence of natural and human disturbance factors on the change of ecological environment quality on the Loess Plateau.Therefore,we took the Loess Plateau as the research area,and based on the GEE platform and RSEI from 2003 to 2022 in the MODIS data acquisition area,random forests were used to identify the drivers of RSEI changes by natural factors and anthropogenic disturbances.The results show that:In the past 20 years,①the ecological environment quality of the Loess Plateau improved slightly,increasing at a rate of 0.002/a,and the spatial distribution of ecological environment quality decreased from southeast to northwest,with large spatial distribution heterogeneity,and the overall performance was good.Most areas of Mengshan coal base and Shanxi coal base.The ecological environment quality of Huanglong coal base and Ningdong coal base is improved significantly,accounting for 40.5%,25.7%,14.6%and 19.9%,respectively.The degradation of some areas of Shanxi coal base and western Henan coal base is more obvious,accounting for 5.4% and 34.3%respectively.②In the Loess Plateau,the regions with decreasing and increasing temperature accounted for 46.3% and 13.3%respectively,the potential evapotranspiration decreased in 55.9%of the regions,and the precipitation remained unchanged in 92.7% of the regions.63.1% of soil water,58.4%of surface runoff and 96.6% of groundwater reserves increased,while the remaining areas remained unchanged.The GDP increased in 98.5%of the regions,the population increased and decreased in 62.7% and 20.9% of the regions,the night light decreased in the areas with high population density(23.3%),and the night light increased in the areas with low population density(51.1%);Nearly 70% of the land use types are basically unchanged,and the rest of the land features are converted to each other.③The RSEI improvement area of the Loess Plateau was mainly affected by surface runoff(39.8%),groundwater reserves(15.7%),GDP(13.4%)and air temperature(12.4%).The degraded area is mainly affected by GDP(22.2%),surface runoff(21.3%),groundwater reserves(16.4%),temperature(12.5%)and night light(10.5%).Secondly,the coal base improved by RSEI is mainly affected by surface runoff and GDP.The degraded areas are dominated by GDP,night lights,groundwater reserves and temperature factors.In summary,the ecological environment of the Loess Plateau has been improved in the past 20 years,and the change of ecological environment quality is mainly affected by groundwater reserves,surface runoff,temperature,night light,population and GDP.
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