我国煤矸石综合利用现状与展望
Current situation and prospects of coal gangue's comprehensive utilization
李雅迪1
作者信息
- 1. 煤炭工业规划设计研究院有限公司,北京 100120
- 折叠
摘要
煤矸石是采煤和洗煤过程中产生的固体废物,处置不当会造成严重的土地占用和生态环境破坏问题.煤矸石作为我国排放量最大的工业固废,累积堆存量已超过70亿t,压占土地约150万km2,煤矸石综合治理与利用已迫在眉睫.2022年,我国煤矸石产生量8.08亿t,综合利用量5.96亿t,综合利用率为73.8％.当前我国煤矸石增量不断增加,国家禁止矸石排放,且煤矸石综合利用率依然较低,多组分梯级利用模式尚未建立,现有煤矸石的无害化处置与综合利用的规模能力明显不能满足国家对生态环境保护及"双碳"目标下煤炭综合利用的相关要求.为了提高煤矸石综合利用率,推动煤矸石大规模无害化处置利用的发展进程,从煤矸石发电、生产建筑材料、井下充填、高附加值利用及地面回填土地复垦等方面系统介绍了我国煤矸石综合利用现状以及利用过程存在的主要问题,并从国家政策鼓励、优惠补贴等角度分析煤矸石利用发展方向,最后在此基础上提出了构建多层次煤矸石综合利用产业链、出台煤矸石综合利用全过程监管办法、健全煤矸石综合利用标准体系、推进煤矸石综合利用技术研发和示范、开展煤矸石综合利用与高标准生态建设项目等煤矸石未来产业化发展方向.
Abstract
Coal gangue is a solid waste generated during coal mining and washing processes.Improper disposal of coal gangue can cause serious land occupation and ecological environment damage.At present,coal gangue as the largest industrial solid waste discharged in China,has accumulated over 7 billion tons in storage and occupies about 15 000 hectares of land.Comprehensive treatment and utilization of coal gangue is urgent.In 2022,China's coal gangue production reached 808 million tons,with a comprehensive utilization of 596 million tons and a comprehensive utilization rate of 73.8％.At present,the increment of coal gangue in China is constantly increasing,and China prohibits the discharge of gangue.The comprehensive utilization rate of coal gangue is still low,and the multi component cascade utilization model has not been established.The scale and capacity of harmless disposal and comprehensive utilization of coal gangue clearly cannot meet the relevant requirements of the country for ecological environment protection and comprehensive utilization of coal under the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutral.In order to improve the comprehensive utilization rate of coal gangue and promote the development process of large-scale harmless disposal and utilization of coal gangue,this article systematically introduces the current situation and main problems in the comprehensive utilization of coal gangue in China from the aspects of coal gangue power generation,production of building materials,underground filling,high value-added utilization,and ground backfilling and land reclamation.It also analyzes the development direction of coal gangue utilization from the perspectives of national policy encouragement and preferential subsidies.Finally,the future industrialization development direction of coal gangue is proposed,including the construction of a multi-level coal gangue comprehensive utilization industry chain,the introduction of supervision measures for the entire process of coal gangue utilization,improving the standard system for comprehensive utilization of coal gangue,promoting research and demonstration of comprehensive utilization technology of coal gangue,and carrying out comprehensive utilization of coal gangue and high standard ecological construction projects.
关键词
煤矸石/综合利用/无害化处理/产业链Key words
coal gangue/comprehensive utilization/harmless disposal/industry chain引用本文复制引用
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据