为揭示半干旱草原露天矿区生态环境质量状况，分离矿区人类活动生态累积效应并识别其演变态势，在厘清矿区生态累积效应概念的基础上，构建适用于半干旱草原的露天矿区生态环境质量评估指数(Surface Mining Areas Eco-environmental Evaluation Index，SMAEEI)以及矿区生态累积效应定量评估模型。选取内蒙古胜利矿区为研究区，量化分析 1986-2020年区域生态环境质量和生态累积效应的时空分布规律，以及主要人类活动的生态累积效应差异。结果表明:①SMAEEI适用于半干旱草原露天矿区，能客观呈现各地类生态环境质量高低顺序。35 a间研究区生态环境质量呈极显著下降趋势，且其空间差异显著减弱。露天矿场、城镇扩张区、锡林河湿地及北侧草地生态环境质量出现极显著、显著的退化趋势。②半干旱草原露天矿区生态累积效应定量评估模型能剔除气候因素对生态系统的耦合影响，分离并量化人类活动对矿区生态系统的累积效应，揭示累积的方向、程度和空间范围。35 a间研究区生态服务价值累积量(Change of Ecosystem Service Value Cumulant，COESVC)共减少 1 186 157。03万元，出现负向生态累积效应，生态系统服务功能下降。高度、中度负向累积区集中在湿地和草地退化区、城镇区、露天矿场。③露天开采、城镇建设造成的单位面积负向生态累积效应最明显，前者在单位时间内带来的负向累积变化最剧烈，后者负向累积效应的局部影响程度和偏离度最大;放牧活动引起的负向生态累积效应影响范围最广、总量最大，但局部影响程度最小，生态系统服务功能较其余人类活动更稳定。研究成果可将矿区人类活动引起的生态环境实物量变动转化为价值量描述，为采用货币形式测算矿区生产生活行为的环境损害成本提供可行方法。
Ecological cumulative effects of surface mining areas in semi-arid grasslands:Evaluation model and application
The research objectives are to reveal the eco-environmental quality of surface mining areas in semi-arid grass-lands,separate the ecological cumulative effects of anthropogenic activities and examine their evolving trends.Based on the concept of ecological cumulative effects in mining areas,an assessment index called Surface Mining Areas Eco-envir-onmental Evaluation Index(SMAEEI)and a quantitative evaluation model of ecological cumulative effects in mining areas suitable for semi-arid grasslands were developed.The Shengli Coalfield in Inner Mongolia was selected as the study site to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of regional eco-environmental quality and ecological cumulative ef-fects from 1986 to 2020,and the differences between cumulative effects caused by major anthropogenic activities.The results show that:①the SMAEEI is applicable to the surface mining areas in semi-arid grasslands and can objectively rank the eco-environmental quality across different land-cover types.The study area exhibited an extremely significant de-cline in eco-environmental quality over the past 35 years,with diminishing spatial differences.Open-pit mines,expanding urban areas,Xilin River wetlands,and northern grasslands experienced extremely significant or significant degradation trends.②The quantitative evaluation model of ecological cumulative effects for the surface mining areas in semi-arid grasslands can exclude the influence of climate factors on ecosystems,effectively quantify the cumulative effects of hu-man activities on mining area ecosystems,and reveal their direction,magnitude,and spatial extent.The Change of Ecosys-tem Service Value Cumulant(COESVC)in the study area decreased by a total of 11 861.570 3 million yuan,indicating a negative ecological cumulative effect and a decline in ecosystem services and functions.Areas with high and medium levels of negative accumulation were concentrated in degraded wetlands,grasslands,urban regions,and open-pit mines.③Surface mining and urban development exerted the most pronounced negative ecological cumulative effects per unit area.The former exhibited the most severe negative changes per unit time,and the latter had the greatest local impact and deviation in negative cumulative effects.Grazing resulted in negative ecological cumulative effects over a wider range and in larger quantities but with the least local impact.Compared with other human activities,the ecosystem services and func-tions were more stable in relation to grazing.The research outcomes facilitate the shift from the physical quantity changes of the ecological environment caused by human activities in mining areas to value-based descriptions,providing a feasible method for estimating the environmental damage costs of regional production and living behaviors in monetary terms.
ecological cumulative effectssurface mining areas in semi-arid grasslandseco-environmental evaluation indexecosystem service valueShengLi Coalfield in Inner Mongolia
万方数据
维普
