The retina,an immune-privileged tissue,is protected from local and systemic immune stimuli through the blood-retinal barrier and an immunosuppressive microenvironment.In addition to evasion and tolerance strategies,the retina is also safeguarded by its own defense systems,such as microglia and the complement system.The combination of immunological privilege and defense mechanisms maintains retinal homeostasis.If the retinal homeostasis is disrupted,uncontrollable chronic low-grade inflammatory responses occur,accompanied by the accumulation of various inflammatory factors in the retina,which together with vascular endothelial growth factors promote retinal tissue damage and cellular dysfunction,leading to retinal-related diseases.This article systematically reviews the characteristics of retinal immune privilege and the inflammatory response-related cytokines and signaling pathways involved in the pathogenesis of retinal-related diseases,aiming to theoretically establish foundation for further studies in disease pathogenesis and the development of treatment methods.
维普
万方数据