On Marxist Cultural Leadership and Capitalist Ideological Control:The Misconceptions of"Western Marxism"and Its Harms
Since the 1970s,with the help of Gramsci's text,many"Western Maixist"thinkers have widely discussed the issue of cultural leadership and capitalist ideological control.This proposition was actually put forward by Lenin at the beginning of the 20th century.In Lenin's case,the issues of spontaneity,leadership,and vanguard constituted a complete theoretical framework which theoretically demonstrated the historical end that democratic socialism represented by Bernstein must be internalized in the capitalist system.Gramsci generally adhered to the Leninist political strategy,stressing that the success of the European revolutions would require more emphasis than in the Russian October Revolution on protracted positional warfare and on the role of the proletarian's class will and political organization,owing to the"solid defenses"of Western civil society.However,"Western Marxism"in general deals with Gramsci's texts in accordance to Bernstein's theoretical framework rather than Marxism-Leninism.The school extends the Bernsteinian reformism that shuns class issues from parliamentary elections to civil society,women's rights,race,sexual minorities,and environmental protection.
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