Research progress of ocular diseases related to gout and hyperuricemia
·Gout is a systemic inflammatory disease and one of the most common forms of arthritis worldwide.Hyperuricemia is the leading risk factor for gout,with a high incidence rate.The etiology of gout involves the deposition of urate crystals,secondary inflammation,and oxidative stress.These inflammatory and oxidative stress contribute to the pathogenesis of a variety of ocular disorders.Numerous studies have found a correlation of gout and hyperuricemia with ocular diseases,such as direct urate crystal deposition in ocular structures,dry eye syndrome,corneal endothelial damage,scleritis,uveitis,glaucoma,age-related macular degeneration,diabetic retinopathy,and certain metabolic diseases like thyroid-related eye diseases.Furthermore,because of its antioxidant effect,uric acid levels have been linked to a variety of optic neuropathies,including multiple sclerosis-related optic neuritis and neuromyelitis optica.Although the correlation between uric acid levels and ocular diseases has been reported,many aspects remain unresolved.To gain a more thorough understanding of the association between gout,hyperuricemia,and ocular illnesses,this review will delve into their pathogenesis and disease characteristics,aiming to increase knowledge about gout and hyperuricemia and serving as a reference for future studies.
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