摘要
痛风为一种系统性炎性疾病,是世界范围内最常见的关节炎之一,其中高尿酸血症是痛风发病的主要危险因素.痛风的发病机制包括尿酸盐结晶沉积继发炎症及氧化应激.而炎症及氧化应激正是多种眼病的发病机制.目前已有较多研究提示痛风和高尿酸血症与眼部疾病的相关性,包括尿酸盐结晶直接沉积在眼部结构、干眼、角膜内皮损伤、巩膜炎、葡萄膜炎、青光眼、年龄相关性黄斑变性、糖尿病视网膜病变,以及某些代谢性疾病如甲状腺相关眼病等.另外由于尿酸自身的抗氧化活性,尿酸水平还被认为与多种视神经病变如多发性硬化相关视神经炎、视神经脊髓炎等有关.尽管尿酸水平和眼部疾病的相关性已被报道,但仍存在许多问题亟待解决.为了更全面地了解痛风和高尿酸血症和眼部疾病的关系,文章将从发病机制、发病特点等逐一展开,以期提高对痛风和高尿酸血症的认识,并为将来相关研究提供参考.
Abstract
·Gout is a systemic inflammatory disease and one of the most common forms of arthritis worldwide.Hyperuricemia is the leading risk factor for gout,with a high incidence rate.The etiology of gout involves the deposition of urate crystals,secondary inflammation,and oxidative stress.These inflammatory and oxidative stress contribute to the pathogenesis of a variety of ocular disorders.Numerous studies have found a correlation of gout and hyperuricemia with ocular diseases,such as direct urate crystal deposition in ocular structures,dry eye syndrome,corneal endothelial damage,scleritis,uveitis,glaucoma,age-related macular degeneration,diabetic retinopathy,and certain metabolic diseases like thyroid-related eye diseases.Furthermore,because of its antioxidant effect,uric acid levels have been linked to a variety of optic neuropathies,including multiple sclerosis-related optic neuritis and neuromyelitis optica.Although the correlation between uric acid levels and ocular diseases has been reported,many aspects remain unresolved.To gain a more thorough understanding of the association between gout,hyperuricemia,and ocular illnesses,this review will delve into their pathogenesis and disease characteristics,aiming to increase knowledge about gout and hyperuricemia and serving as a reference for future studies.
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