摘要
逆电渗析技术是依靠离子交换膜选择性将溶液盐差梯度转换为膜电势,进而可用于发电或驱动电化学反应的技术.文章着眼于我国逆电渗析技术相关专利前沿进展,首先,从膜阻、膜厚、离子选择性、离子交换容量、耐污抗菌、稳定性等角度探讨了适配离子交换膜的权衡考量机制,分析了膜的改性方法与优化发展方向;然后,重点介绍了逆电渗析技术在发电、制氢、污水处理及海水淡化等领域的发展与专利布局情况,厘清(热能→)盐差能→(电能→)氢能等多条能源转换技术路线,并阐释了循环工作溶液的再生方法与发展脉络.逆电渗析技术与电渗析技术、可再生能源发电技术、低品位热回收技术相耦合是实现各技术优势互补、提高能效与产出的有效策略.
Abstract
Reverse electrodialysis(RED)technology relies on the permeation selectivity of ion exchange membranes(IEMs)and the conversion of salinity gradient energy of working solutions into membrane potential,which can be used for power generation or driving electrochemical reactions.The progress in domestic patents in RED field was introduced.First,the trade-off assessment mechanism of suitable IEMs for a RED system was discussed from the perspectivesof membrane resistance,membrane thickness,ionic selectivity,ionic exchange capacity,fouling resistance,antibacterial ability and stability.Accordingly,the IEMs modification methods and optimization development directions were analyzed.Then,the development and patent layout of RED technology in the fields of power generation,hydrogen production,wastewater treatment,seawater desalination,were reviewed emphatically.Besides,several energy conversion technical routes were ascertained,including(thermal energy→)salinity gradient energy→(electricity→)hydrogen,etc.The regeneration methods and development process of the cycling working solutions were elucidated.The RED technology is suggested to be coupled with the electrodialysis,renewable energy generation,and low-grade heat recovery technologies,which is an effective strategy to achieve complementary advantages of various technologies and beneficial to improve the output capacity and energy efficiency.
基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(52076026)
中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目(DUT22JC25)
维普
万方数据