To investigate the inhibitory effect of oligochitosan on Escherichia coli, the alkaline phosphatase activity is detected to determine cell integrity of E. coli. The content of active oxygen species, malondialdehyde content (MDA), protein carbonyl and DNA oxidative damage are determined to evaluate the oxidative stress. The results show that 0.5% and 1.0% oligochitosan significantly inhibit E. coli , and undermine the cell integrity of the E. coli. The treatment at 0.5% and 1 .0% oligochitosan shows that the relative content of reactive oxygen species gradually decreases over time, and causes severe oxidative damage to plasma membrane and proteins. DNA oxidative damage is insignificant induced by the 0.5% and 1.0% oligochitosan treatment. It suggests that inducing reactive oxygen species, causing oxidative damage to membrane lipid and proteins play an important role in the inhibitory effect of oligochitosan on E. coli.